Saturday 26 September 2015
Thursday 17 September 2015
30 Days of Night
How have soundtrack, commentary and language been used?
In the opening the first thing the audience can hear is thunder which has connotations of danger. The official film trailer starts with a woman in the kitchen and a man (assumed to be her husband) is in the living room. The way it has been shot creates an anxiety for the viewer as you are made to feel that she is being watched. Diegetic sound is used as as you are able to see that outside there is a blustery snow storm going on outside which makes you wonder whether the two characters are hiding away from the cold and snow or because there is a danger outside. Throughout the trailer theres a constant use of non-linear sounds with abrupt shifts up and down in pitch, the harsh, discordant and unexpected noises tap into our instincts of fear and giving the viewer goose bumps enhancing the emotional impact of the following scenes. Once the audience no who the audiences are Apocalypse Me by Muse is played to keep you interested giving you a sense of excitement. Occasionally whilst watching the trailer I was able to hear crackling which makes you think of loss of communication which tells you they are isolated consequently closely following connotations of a horror genre as the townsfolk are in a remote area where no one can help or save them.
What genre? How can you tell?
This trailer conveys a thriller genre for the film. However as the film trailer develops, connotations of horror are used to create suspense. This is portrayed through the use of non-diegetic and diegetic sound used in the background. The horror element is clear by the use of text and the flashing deathly faces that were made using an X-Ray camera to connote death.
For the duration of the trailer elements of the horror genre are enforced through the use of lighting. Lighting is used to make shadows which is effective as it is usually on you as the viewer who can see what is about to unravel thus making you feel helpless.
The use of the colour red is used to connote vampires and blood. This will supply the audience with a clear understanding of what they are involved with and the type of film it is. The vampires in this movie have a very animalistic nature and a lot of the time shots have been taken from above the innocent victim, this shows the order of the hierarchy and gives the audience the feeling that they are being watched like they are their prey.
How are characters used?
The first characters we are introduced to is the wife and husband in the house. The woman is cooking in the kitchen silently and noiselessly and the man is in the living room showing very closed body language. He is sat hunched over his legs with his elbows on his knees and wresting his face in his hands. Both characters look worried and nervous which gives you as the viewer a gut feeling that something very bad is about to happen. The woman, of course, is the first victim to the vampires as it is a common connotation of the horror genre to use a woman screaming for help as she is dragged away by an unknown killer. Her character was used to influence you on the danger the town of Barrow is dealing with and that they are defenceless and vulnerable.
The next character we are introduced to is a man walking at night with a torch. Although we are not aware if it is actually the day to them due to the sun not rising for thirty days but because of him being alone and with a torch you are made to think that has lost something or someone or searching for somebody. You then get this threatening feeling and because of the music you know this man is a goner.
You see the Sheriff's car which shows he is going to be the protagonist and 'bring light' back to the village.
The movies vampires are very graphic and very animalistic in nature. The creatures have pale skin, black eyes and rows of razor sharp teeth. The Vampires speak a strange guttural language which makes the audience feel involved with the characters as you are confused just like they are. Just like the creatures of myth in other films, novels and genres these vampires have superhuman strength, speed and abilities who can only be killed by fire, decapitation or sunlight. They appear to pack and herd in the way that wild animals do possessing the nature of a wolf, lion or tiger and just like in the animal kingdom they have a leader who commands them and whose orders they follow without question.
How are non-verbal communications (gestures, facial expression) being used?
In the opening of '30 Days of Night' you are introduced to a couple in their house sheltered from a blistery snow storm outside. The house is dark and silent as the woman is alone in the kitchen hunched over her washing bowl. The lighting is very dim which cast strange eery shadows over her face and kitchen making it eerie however the only light in the frame is through the window in the corner of the room with a snowy mist on it. The camera flicks too her a man you assume to be her husband in the living room sat on a sofe. His body language is closed making himself look small. He has his face resting on his knuckles making him look afraid, frightened and uptight. In every clip you see of someone they either have their arms wrapped tightly around them or flailing as they are dragged away or bitten. It is difficult to see the characters facial expressions as the lighting on them are so dark
However when you see a 'vampire' their faces are very clear on the screen and their pale faces are lit by the snowy surroundings. Their faces are disfigured and furrowed to show their strength and fiercness. They have blood around their mouths to show that they are killers.
The female lead is a white blonde woman. This makes you symolise her with purity and therefore as the viewer you will worry for her because you are made to think she won't be able to protect herself. Another shot of this woman is taken using an extreme close-up, her eyes are teary and she saying "vampires don't exist" this paints her as a maiden in distress and the Sherrif (te protagonist) will be her hero and will eventually save her at some point.
There are a series of flashing faces that are used to show you that people are hiding and watching as another victim is taken. The victims are usually women or children. You usually only see their eyes so that you can clearly see their fear.
What is the tone of the text? How does it change?
The trailer begins with a green wash over the screen. This is warning their viewers that this trailer is suitable for any audience. The text is in white to create a reserved tine, as if it is the calm before the storm. The trailer compnay have used a series of text and commentry throughout the clips. For the first half a white text is used to symbolise that the danger is is in the future and that the town is still untouched from evil. Although for the majority of the trailer, the white text is placed in front of a black smokey screen, this creates a movement like a ghostly shadow which makes you, as the viewer believe you are being watched. The white blurs on the black screen however could also be hinting at where the movie is set, so therefore the ghostly figures could just be snow. The text commonly uses 'They' or 'Their' in order to create a mystery to the murderous perpetrator and keep the audience keen and afraid of the unknown.
At 1:22 the text in the trailer turns to red. This immediatly tells you that danger is now upon the samll town above the Arctic Circle by representing blood, suffering and death. Behind the text a smokey red mist descends the black background showing that the towns people are confused and have clouded judgement. A red mist was recognised publicly during tghe victorian era to show extreme danger.
Wednesday 16 September 2015
Tuesday 15 September 2015
Monday 14 September 2015
Types of Shot
Angles
High Angel Shot
A shot taken from above the subject.
Low Angel Shot
A shot taken from below the subject.
Aerial shot
A shot taken from a crane, plane or helicopter restricted to exterior locations. The trailer for Psycho starts with an aerial shot of Hitchcock outside The Bates Motel.
Birds eye view
A shot in which the camera photographs the scene from directly above.
Crane Shot
A shot taken from a mechanical device called a crane which can carry the camera in any direction. The image below is an example from the film 'Psycho'. In the beginning of the film the camera lowers down to Alfred Hitchcock who is standing in the courtyard of 'The Bates Motel' the camera will then follow Alfred Hitchcock as if you, the viewer, are a tourist
High Angel Shot
A shot taken from above the subject.
Low Angel Shot
A shot taken from below the subject.
Aerial shot
A shot taken from a crane, plane or helicopter restricted to exterior locations. The trailer for Psycho starts with an aerial shot of Hitchcock outside The Bates Motel.
Birds eye view
A shot in which the camera photographs the scene from directly above.
Crane Shot
A shot taken from a mechanical device called a crane which can carry the camera in any direction. The image below is an example from the film 'Psycho'. In the beginning of the film the camera lowers down to Alfred Hitchcock who is standing in the courtyard of 'The Bates Motel' the camera will then follow Alfred Hitchcock as if you, the viewer, are a tourist
Shot sizes
Extreme Long Shot
A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very small, a building, landscape or crowd of people will fill the screen.
Establishing shot
An establishing shot is usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot.
Long shot
A type of long shot that includes the human body in full, with the head near the top of the frame and the feet near the bottom. It makes for a relatively stable shot that can accommodate movement without reframing.
Medium Long Shot
Framing such an object four or five feet high would fill most of the screen vertically. Also called plain Américain, given it's recurrence in the Western genre, where it was important to keep a cowboy's weapon in the image.
Medium Close-Up
A relatively close shot, revealing the human figure from the waist up.
Close-Up
A detailed view of a person or object. A framing in which the scale of the object shown is relatively large. In a close-up a person's head or some other similarly sized object would fill the frame.
Extreme Close-Up
A shot in which the scale of the object shown is very large, a minutely detailed view of an object or person. Faces are the most recurrent images in extreme close-ups. An extreme close-up of an actor usually includes only his/hers eyes or mouth.
Point of View Shot
A shot taken with the camera placed approximately where the character's eyes would be, showing what the character would see. Usually cut in before or after a shot of the character looking. Horror films and thrillers often use POV shots to suggest a menacing and unseen presence in the scene.
Reaction shot
A shot to show an emotional response to the immediately preceding action or words of another character in the scene or to an event in the immediately preceding scene which may or may not involve another actor for example, an explosion, monster or empty room.
Two shot
A medium featuring two actors in the same frame.
Three shot
A medium featuring three actors in the same frame.
Dutch Tilt
A shot in which the camera angle is deliberately slanted to one side. This can be used for dramatic effect and helps portray unease, disorientation, frantic or desperate action, intoxication or madness.
Stills
Still pictures taken from a film.
Movie Trailer Terminolgy
Take - A single continuous recorded performance of a scene. A director typically orders takes to continue until he or she is satisfied that all of his or her requirements for the scene have been made, be they technical or artistic.
Talent - A general, informal term for actors and extras.
Talkie - An early term for a film with sound and especially recorded spoken dialogue. It is typically used today to make a distinction between silent and sound films made in the late 1920's and early 1930's when sound films establishing their marketplace dominance.
Tape Recorder Operator - Also known as a sound recordist, a tape recorder operator is a member of the sound crew responsible for operating the audio recording equipment on a set.
Teaser Trailer - A short trailer that is generally released many months before a movie is actually released, to give a brief peek at what the movie will be like, and to build audience anticipation. Teaser trailers are usually much shorter than the final trailer, which reveals more of the storyline of the film.
Technical advisor / Consultant - A person with expertise in a particular field who provides advice for the production.
Telecine - The process of transferring moving images from film to a video signal, including frame rate and colour corrections. Also the equipment or facility used to do it.
Teleplay - A script written to be produced for television.
Television movie (TV movie / Telepic) - A feature - length movie funded by a TV network, intended to be premiered on television.
Television Series Pilot - A TV series episode for a proposed television series which is produced for the benefit of the production company, TV network executives and/or syndication customers. The purpose behind is to show the prospective customers how a series' premise and characters would typically be presented to an audience.
Television Special - Or just special. A television production of a singular event, such as an awards show or concert as opposed to a regularly scheduled series. Contrast with series and a television movie.
Television Spot / Commercial / Advertisement - A brief advertisement or public service announcement show between TV programs.
Telewriter - A writer who either adapts an existing work for production on television, or creates a new teleplay.
Terra-Flight - A cross between a steadicam and a louma crane, used to steady images of running horses or cars driving over gravel.
THX Devision - A subdivision of Lucasfilm, Ltd dedicated to improving picture and sound for the cinema and the home.
Tilt - The action of rotating the camera either up or down.
Time Lapse (Photography) - A form of animation in which numerous single frames are filmed spaced at a given interval to show a process that would take a very long time to occur for example a flower blooming, or the motion of the stars.
Time Code - Electronic guide track added to film, video or audio material to provide a time reference for editing and synchronisation.
Titleist - A titleist can also be recognised as a title designer, lead titleist or film titleist. The person who designs how a film's title appears on the screen. The manner in which title of a movie is displayed on screen is widely considered an art form. Saul Bass is considered a master title designer.
Topline - To star in a motion picture; this can sometimes include the placement of a performer's name before the title on the credits and promotional items.
Track - A single component or channel of a soundtrack.
Tracking shot - Or tracking is the action of moving a camera along a path parallel to the path of the object being filmed.
Trailer - An advertisement for a movie which contains scenes from the film. Historically advertisements were attached to the end of a newsreel or supporting-feature, hence the name. Doing this reduced the number of reel changes that a projectionist would have to make.
Trainer - Someone who conditions animals to perform various behaviours on cue.
Transportation Captain - Manages the vehicles and drivers needed for location and studio filming. The Transportation Captain does not drive vehicles, but coordinates the onset team of drivers to assist all departments with moving their supplies and personnel.
Transportation Manager - The person responsible for managing drivers and co-ordinating the transportation of a productions cast, crew and equipment from the various locations and sets used for filming.
Travelling Matte Shot - A travelling matte shot is widely more recognised as a blue screen is a
shot in which foreground action is superimposed on a separately filmed background by optical printing or digital compositing.
Treatment - Treatment is an abridged script longer than a synopsis. It consists of a summary of each major scene of a proposed movie and descriptions of the significant characters and may even include snippets of dialogue. While a complete script is around 100 pages, a treatment is closer to 10.
Trilogy - A series of three movies that are closely connected by plot. Often, a storyline from the first film of a trilogy is altered, twisted or modified by the second or third part of the series. Trilogy is noticeably used in famous films such as The Godfather.
Turnaround - A state of limbo that a movie enters after a studio decides to drop it. In turnaround, the producers have a chance to set the project up with another studio or with different talent. In union contracts the time between when someone leaves work and when they start work the next day is sometimes said that they are having a turnaround.
Two-shot - A medium close-up shot of two subjects, usually framed from the chest up.
Animation - A form of filmmaking characterised by photographing inanimate objects or individual drawings frame by frame with each frame differing minutely from the previous frame. When these images are projecting at the standard speed of twenty-four frames per second the images appear to move.
Auteur - Auteur is french for author. It has been used by critics writing for Cahiers du cinema and other journals to indicate the figure, usually the director who stamped a film with his/her own "personality". The concept allowed critics to evaluate highly works of American genre cinema that were otherwise dismissed in favour of the developing European art cinema. Auteur theory emphasises the director as the major creator of film art.
Costume - These are the clothes that characters wear. Costume in narrative cinema can be used to signify characters, advertise particular fashions or to make clear distinctions between characters.
Biopic - A biographical film normally about the life of a famous person.
Captions / Titles - These are written labels on the screen. A title designer is responsible for the captions. One of the most famous title designers was Saul Bass who worked on many of Hitchcock's films.
Cinematography - Is the director of photography. The artist is responsible for the lighting of a shot and the quality of the photography in a film.
Diegesis - The narrative elements that are shown or inferred from the content of a film. The diegesis includes objects, events, spaces and the characters that inhabit them, including things, actions and attitudes not explicitly presented in the film but inferred by the audience. The audience constructs a diegetic world from the material presented in a narrative film.
Dolly shot / Tracking shot - A shot taken from a moving vehicle. In the past trucks were laid on the set to permit a smoother movement of the camera.
Editing - The joining together of clips of film into a single filmstrip. The cut is a simple edit but there are many other possible ways to transition from one shot to another.
Movie Buff - A film enthusiast.
Flashback / Flashforeward - A jump backwards or forwards in diegetic time. With the use of a flashback / flashforeward that make the order of events in the plot no longer match the order of events in the story.
Focus - This refers to the degree to which light rays coming from any particular parts of an object pass through the lens and reconverge at the same point on a frame of the film negative, creating sharp outlines and distinct textures that match the original object. "Out of focus" means the image are blurred and lack acceptable linear definition.
Freeze frame - A device which allows you to pause the film and freeze the image.
Genres - Types of film recognised by audiences or producers. Theses types are distinguished by narrative or stylistic conventions.
Mise-en-scene - All the things that are put in the scene, the setting, the decor, the lighting, the costumes and the performance.
Scene - A scene is a segment of a narrative film that usually takes place in a single time and place, often with the same characters.
Script / Screenplay / Scenario - A written description of a film's dialogue and action, sometimes with basic camera directions.
Shot - A single stream of images, uninterrupted by editing: a unit of film in which the camera does not stop filming.
Synopsis - A short description of the main parts of a story.
Teaser - An opening sequence designed to catch the interest of the audience.
Thriller - A film with a lot of action and suspense.
Trailer - A short film advertisement for a film using highlights from the film with graphics and voice-over commentary to publicise the film.
Stunts - A dangerous trick, usually done by a stunt man or woman substituting the actor.
Talent - A general, informal term for actors and extras.
Talkie - An early term for a film with sound and especially recorded spoken dialogue. It is typically used today to make a distinction between silent and sound films made in the late 1920's and early 1930's when sound films establishing their marketplace dominance.
Tape Recorder Operator - Also known as a sound recordist, a tape recorder operator is a member of the sound crew responsible for operating the audio recording equipment on a set.
Teaser Trailer - A short trailer that is generally released many months before a movie is actually released, to give a brief peek at what the movie will be like, and to build audience anticipation. Teaser trailers are usually much shorter than the final trailer, which reveals more of the storyline of the film.
Technical advisor / Consultant - A person with expertise in a particular field who provides advice for the production.
Telecine - The process of transferring moving images from film to a video signal, including frame rate and colour corrections. Also the equipment or facility used to do it.
Teleplay - A script written to be produced for television.
Television movie (TV movie / Telepic) - A feature - length movie funded by a TV network, intended to be premiered on television.
Television Series Pilot - A TV series episode for a proposed television series which is produced for the benefit of the production company, TV network executives and/or syndication customers. The purpose behind is to show the prospective customers how a series' premise and characters would typically be presented to an audience.
Television Special - Or just special. A television production of a singular event, such as an awards show or concert as opposed to a regularly scheduled series. Contrast with series and a television movie.
Television Spot / Commercial / Advertisement - A brief advertisement or public service announcement show between TV programs.
Telewriter - A writer who either adapts an existing work for production on television, or creates a new teleplay.
Terra-Flight - A cross between a steadicam and a louma crane, used to steady images of running horses or cars driving over gravel.
THX Devision - A subdivision of Lucasfilm, Ltd dedicated to improving picture and sound for the cinema and the home.
Tilt - The action of rotating the camera either up or down.
Time Lapse (Photography) - A form of animation in which numerous single frames are filmed spaced at a given interval to show a process that would take a very long time to occur for example a flower blooming, or the motion of the stars.
Time Code - Electronic guide track added to film, video or audio material to provide a time reference for editing and synchronisation.
Titleist - A titleist can also be recognised as a title designer, lead titleist or film titleist. The person who designs how a film's title appears on the screen. The manner in which title of a movie is displayed on screen is widely considered an art form. Saul Bass is considered a master title designer.
Topline - To star in a motion picture; this can sometimes include the placement of a performer's name before the title on the credits and promotional items.
Track - A single component or channel of a soundtrack.
Tracking shot - Or tracking is the action of moving a camera along a path parallel to the path of the object being filmed.
Trailer - An advertisement for a movie which contains scenes from the film. Historically advertisements were attached to the end of a newsreel or supporting-feature, hence the name. Doing this reduced the number of reel changes that a projectionist would have to make.
Trainer - Someone who conditions animals to perform various behaviours on cue.
Transportation Captain - Manages the vehicles and drivers needed for location and studio filming. The Transportation Captain does not drive vehicles, but coordinates the onset team of drivers to assist all departments with moving their supplies and personnel.
Transportation Manager - The person responsible for managing drivers and co-ordinating the transportation of a productions cast, crew and equipment from the various locations and sets used for filming.
Travelling Matte Shot - A travelling matte shot is widely more recognised as a blue screen is a
shot in which foreground action is superimposed on a separately filmed background by optical printing or digital compositing.
Treatment - Treatment is an abridged script longer than a synopsis. It consists of a summary of each major scene of a proposed movie and descriptions of the significant characters and may even include snippets of dialogue. While a complete script is around 100 pages, a treatment is closer to 10.
Trilogy - A series of three movies that are closely connected by plot. Often, a storyline from the first film of a trilogy is altered, twisted or modified by the second or third part of the series. Trilogy is noticeably used in famous films such as The Godfather.
Turnaround - A state of limbo that a movie enters after a studio decides to drop it. In turnaround, the producers have a chance to set the project up with another studio or with different talent. In union contracts the time between when someone leaves work and when they start work the next day is sometimes said that they are having a turnaround.
Two-shot - A medium close-up shot of two subjects, usually framed from the chest up.
Animation - A form of filmmaking characterised by photographing inanimate objects or individual drawings frame by frame with each frame differing minutely from the previous frame. When these images are projecting at the standard speed of twenty-four frames per second the images appear to move.
Auteur - Auteur is french for author. It has been used by critics writing for Cahiers du cinema and other journals to indicate the figure, usually the director who stamped a film with his/her own "personality". The concept allowed critics to evaluate highly works of American genre cinema that were otherwise dismissed in favour of the developing European art cinema. Auteur theory emphasises the director as the major creator of film art.
Costume - These are the clothes that characters wear. Costume in narrative cinema can be used to signify characters, advertise particular fashions or to make clear distinctions between characters.
Biopic - A biographical film normally about the life of a famous person.
Captions / Titles - These are written labels on the screen. A title designer is responsible for the captions. One of the most famous title designers was Saul Bass who worked on many of Hitchcock's films.
Cinematography - Is the director of photography. The artist is responsible for the lighting of a shot and the quality of the photography in a film.
Diegesis - The narrative elements that are shown or inferred from the content of a film. The diegesis includes objects, events, spaces and the characters that inhabit them, including things, actions and attitudes not explicitly presented in the film but inferred by the audience. The audience constructs a diegetic world from the material presented in a narrative film.
Dolly shot / Tracking shot - A shot taken from a moving vehicle. In the past trucks were laid on the set to permit a smoother movement of the camera.
Editing - The joining together of clips of film into a single filmstrip. The cut is a simple edit but there are many other possible ways to transition from one shot to another.
Movie Buff - A film enthusiast.
Flashback / Flashforeward - A jump backwards or forwards in diegetic time. With the use of a flashback / flashforeward that make the order of events in the plot no longer match the order of events in the story.
Focus - This refers to the degree to which light rays coming from any particular parts of an object pass through the lens and reconverge at the same point on a frame of the film negative, creating sharp outlines and distinct textures that match the original object. "Out of focus" means the image are blurred and lack acceptable linear definition.
Freeze frame - A device which allows you to pause the film and freeze the image.
Genres - Types of film recognised by audiences or producers. Theses types are distinguished by narrative or stylistic conventions.
Mise-en-scene - All the things that are put in the scene, the setting, the decor, the lighting, the costumes and the performance.
Scene - A scene is a segment of a narrative film that usually takes place in a single time and place, often with the same characters.
Script / Screenplay / Scenario - A written description of a film's dialogue and action, sometimes with basic camera directions.
Shot - A single stream of images, uninterrupted by editing: a unit of film in which the camera does not stop filming.
Synopsis - A short description of the main parts of a story.
Teaser - An opening sequence designed to catch the interest of the audience.
Thriller - A film with a lot of action and suspense.
Trailer - A short film advertisement for a film using highlights from the film with graphics and voice-over commentary to publicise the film.
Stunts - A dangerous trick, usually done by a stunt man or woman substituting the actor.
Conventions of a Movie Trailer
Voiceovers
Apiece of narration that is not accompanied by an image of the person speaking.
Stars
The trailers show who is starring (acting) in the film. This may entice people to the film if they like those actors.
Titles The titles of the producing companies are added into the film trailers.
Dramatic camera angles Especially in horrors and thrillers, dramatic angles such as close ups, tilted and point of view shots focus a lot on the victim to add to the tension and horror and make the audience feel frightened. The dramatic angles and shots highten the emotions on the audience.
Music
Background music is used in most trailers to complement the film and to add to the tension or any other emotions that the film wants to portray. Film title shown at the end:The title of the film is shown at the end of the trailer a lot because it is that last thing the viewer sees so they will remember that name of the film.
Trailer builds to a climax
There is often a climax in the trailer to replicate the climax in the film to excite the audience.
Montage
Skill in editing where a series of shots are edited into a sequence to condense information. This is used a lot in trailers because there is only a short amount of time so condensing shots saves a lot of time and keeps the audience wanting to know more because not all information is revealed.
Apiece of narration that is not accompanied by an image of the person speaking.
Stars
The trailers show who is starring (acting) in the film. This may entice people to the film if they like those actors.
Titles The titles of the producing companies are added into the film trailers.
Dramatic camera angles Especially in horrors and thrillers, dramatic angles such as close ups, tilted and point of view shots focus a lot on the victim to add to the tension and horror and make the audience feel frightened. The dramatic angles and shots highten the emotions on the audience.
Music
Background music is used in most trailers to complement the film and to add to the tension or any other emotions that the film wants to portray. Film title shown at the end:The title of the film is shown at the end of the trailer a lot because it is that last thing the viewer sees so they will remember that name of the film.
Trailer builds to a climax
There is often a climax in the trailer to replicate the climax in the film to excite the audience.
Montage
Skill in editing where a series of shots are edited into a sequence to condense information. This is used a lot in trailers because there is only a short amount of time so condensing shots saves a lot of time and keeps the audience wanting to know more because not all information is revealed.
What is the Purpose of the Film Trailer
The purpose of film trailers is to promote the film before it is released. A film trailer helps to make as many people aware of the film and its release date as possible, to do this the trailer company create this excitement by using of a series selected shots from the film being advertised to entice the audience. Since the purpose of the trailer is to attract an audience to the film, these excerpts are usually drawn from the most exciting, funny, or memorable parts of the film but in abbreviated forms so as not to spoil the movie by showing the best parts. When the film is released, the aim is that so may people will be attracted by the feature trailer and therefore the film will be more successful because people were persuaded by the trailer to watch it.
Intertextuality in Music Videos
Intertextuality is the definition of the relationship between texts (especially literary ones) the way that similar or related texts influence, reflect or differ from each other. - The intertextuality between two novels with the same setting. An example of intertextuality in music videos is in the pop artist Lady GaGa's official music video for 'Paparazzi'. The video incorporates newspaper headlines and magazine articles throughout the three minute clip making it a form of intertextuality. The intertextuality in Madonnas 'Material Girl' is in her mimicking Marilyn Monroe in 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'. The clip is not of Marilyn Monroe herself but of the Hollywood representation of the sexy blonde who uses her beauty and figure to get what she wants from men.
Another example of intertextuality in the media is in Robbie Williams music video 'You know me'.The clip features Williams being taken to an Alice in Wonderland style setting where he is portrayed as 'The White Rabbit' from the story and film. This creates intertextuality between the film and his music video. In the last scene of the video there is a shot of Robbie Williams dressed as The White Rabbit in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayors trademark icon in the place of the lion. Intertextuality for media purposes refer to other popular culture objects within the videos. The audience would then create their own individual meaning of the video according to the international suggestion created with relationships between primary and secondary texts. Intertextuality links to a content or a medium that binds texts to other texts. Many editors and directors use intertextuality in music videos because it combines different cultural codes taken from previous texts that are sensible for many audiences. Using intertextuality in music videos allows a viewer to identify with their theoretical framework of knowledge and use it to define their identity. This approach can be used to gain popularity for referenced ideas and influence consumers with a persuasive agenda. Like in my example of Madonna's music video for'Material Girl' she is using intertextuality because she is acting in the style of Marilyn Monroe in her song 'Diamonds are a Girls Best Friend'. This is a direct cinematic reference which allows an active audience to draw conclusions to the meaning of the message.
Another example of intertextuality in the media is in Robbie Williams music video 'You know me'.The clip features Williams being taken to an Alice in Wonderland style setting where he is portrayed as 'The White Rabbit' from the story and film. This creates intertextuality between the film and his music video. In the last scene of the video there is a shot of Robbie Williams dressed as The White Rabbit in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayors trademark icon in the place of the lion. Intertextuality for media purposes refer to other popular culture objects within the videos. The audience would then create their own individual meaning of the video according to the international suggestion created with relationships between primary and secondary texts. Intertextuality links to a content or a medium that binds texts to other texts. Many editors and directors use intertextuality in music videos because it combines different cultural codes taken from previous texts that are sensible for many audiences. Using intertextuality in music videos allows a viewer to identify with their theoretical framework of knowledge and use it to define their identity. This approach can be used to gain popularity for referenced ideas and influence consumers with a persuasive agenda. Like in my example of Madonna's music video for'Material Girl' she is using intertextuality because she is acting in the style of Marilyn Monroe in her song 'Diamonds are a Girls Best Friend'. This is a direct cinematic reference which allows an active audience to draw conclusions to the meaning of the message.
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